మహారాజ కరికాల చోళ
కులము : కోలి
సబ్ కాస్ట్ : ముదిరాజ్
రాజ వంశము : చోళ/చోళన్
రాణి : అల్లి
పిల్లలు
నేడున్ కిల్లి
నలన్ కిల్లి
మవలత్తాన్
యుధం : వెన్ని యుధం
కరీకళ చోళ దక్షిణ భారతదేశంలో పాలించిన ఒక చోళ రాజు. అతను ప్రారంభ చోళులలో గొప్పవాడిగా గుర్తించబడ్డాడు. తన పాలనలో పండితులు పట్ల విద్వాంసుల మధ్య విభేదం ఉన్నప్పటికీ, సా.శ. 190 లో అత్యంత విస్తృతంగా అంగీకరించబడిన తేదీ, ఇది గజబాహు సమకాలీకరణ ద్వారా వచ్చింది.
Karikala was a Chola (Corrupted Name Of Koli) king who ruled in southern India during the Sangam period. He is recognized as the greatest of the Early Cholas. Though there is schism between scholars in dating his reign, the most widely accepted date is 190 CE, which has been arrived at through the Gajabahu synchronism.
Sources
The story of Karikala is mixed with legend and anecdotal information gleaned from Sangam literature. No authentic records of Karikala's reign has been found so far. The only sources available are the numerous mentions in Sangam poetry. The period covered by the extant literature of the Sangam is unfortunately not easy to determine with any measure of certainty.
Paṭṭiṉappālai, Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai and a number of individual poems in the Akanaṉūṟu and Purananuru have been the main source for the information that is attributed to Karikala.
Early life
Karikala was the son of Ilamcetcenni.[The name Karikalan has been held to mean "the man with the charred leg" and perpetuates the memory of a fire accident in the early years of his life. Some scholars also hold the view kari and kalan are Tamil words meaning "slayer of elephants". Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai describes the back-formed origin legend of this incident as follows:
The king of Urayur Ilamcetcenni married a Velir princess from Azhundur and she became pregnant and gave birth to Karikala. Ilamcetcenni died soon after. Due to his young age, Karikala's right to the throne was overlooked and there was political turmoil in the country. Karikala was exiled. When normality returned, the Chola ministers sent a state elephant to look for the prince. The elephant found the prince hiding in Karuvur. His political opponents arrested and imprisoned him. The prison was set on fire that night. Karikala escaped the fire and, with the help of his uncle Irum-pitar-thalaiyan, defeated his enemies. Karikala’s leg was scorched in the fire and from thence Karikala became his name.
Old sangam age insciptions and also sthala puranam of great ancient saiva shrine at parasalur, near mayavaram says that inorder to escape the murder plot hatched by conspirators karikal valavan stayed there in disguise of a vedic and agama sastra lecturer for 8 years. Paṭṭiṉappālai, written in praise of Karikala also describes this incident, but without mention of the fable of the burnt limb:
Like the Tiger cub with its sharp claws and its curved stripes growing (strong) within the cage, his strength came to maturity (like wood in grain) while he was in the bondage of his enemies. As the large trunked elephant pulls down the banks of the pit, and joins its mate, even so after deep and careful consideration, he drew his sword, effected his escape by overpowering the strong guard and attained his glorious heritage in due course.
Military conquests
Battle of Venni
According to the Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai, Karikala Chola fought a great Battle of Venni in which both Pandyan and Cheran kings[who?] suffered a defeat. Although we know very little about the circumstances leading to this battle, there can be no doubt that it marked the turning point in Karikala’s career, for in this battle he broke the back of the powerful confederacy formed against him.Besides the two crowned kings of the Pandya and Chera countries, eleven minor chieftains took the opposing side in the campaign and shared defeat at the hands of Karikala.[The Chera king, who was wounded on his back in the battle, committed suicide by starvation. Venni was the watershed in the career of Karikala which established him firmly on his throne and secured for him some sort of hegemony among the three crowned monarchs. Venni is also known as Vennipparandalai and now it is known as Kovilvenni and is situated near Thanjavur.
Further wars and conquests
After the battle of Venni, Karikala had other opportunities to exercise his arms. He defeated the confederacy of nine minor chieftains in the battle of Vakaipparandalai. Paranar, a contemporary of Karikala, in his poem from Agananuru mentions this incident without giving any information on the cause of the conflict.[7] According to legends Karikala was one of the few Tamil kings who won the whole of Ceylon (Lanka). The Grand anicut was built after his conquest over the Singalese kingdom and he used Singalese war prisoners for the hard task of moving stones from the mountains to the river bed of the Kaveri. The Pattinappalai also describes the destruction caused by Karikala’s armies in the territories of his enemies and adds that as the result of these conflicts, the "Northerners and Westerners were depressed… and his flushed look of anger caused the Pandya’s strength to give way
Grand Anicut
Kallanai built by Karikala Chola on river Kaveri
Later Chola kings attributed the building of dikes along the banks of the Kaveri to Karikala.The raising of the banks of the river Kaveri by Karikala is also mentioned by the Melapadu plates of Punyakumara: karuna – saroruha vihita – vilochana – pallava – trilochana pramukha kilapritvisvara karita kaveri tira (he who caused the banks of the Kaveri to be constructed by all the subordinate kings led by the Pallava Trinetra whose third eye was blinded by his lotus foot).
The Grand Anicut, also known as the Kallanai was built by Karikala[10] and is considered one of the oldest water-diversion or water-regulator structures in the world which is still in use.[11] The Kallanai is a massive dam of unhewn stone, 329 metres (1,080 ft) long and 20 metres (60 ft) wide, across the main stream of the Kaveri.[12]
Karikala Cholan Manimandapam
Karikala Cholan Manimandapam
Karikala Cholan Manimandapam (memorial hall) was build in order to honour of the king who built Grand Anicut. The hall has Dravidian architecture and built at the anicut and it costed Rs. 2.10 crore. It featured bronze statue of the king
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